FileTable is a new feature in SQL Server 2012 that is built on top of SQL Server FILESTREAM technology, which allows BLOB data to be stored as individual files separate from a database’s data files.  Interactions with the FileStream files took place only through T-SQL or through code which engaged with OpenSqlFileStream API.

FileTable goes one step further in adding support for the Windows file namespace and compatibility with Windows applications to the file data stored in SQL Server, accessing the files as if they were stored in the file system.  It also employs a familiar, hierarchical folder structure, and includes the storage of file attributes, such as created date and modified date.

FileTable lets an application integrate its storage and data management components, and provides integrated SQL Server services – including full-text search and semantic search – over unstructured data and metadata.

More info:

Beyond Relational – Installing SQL Server FileTable

Denali CTP 3 – How to Set Up the FileTable and access the unstructured data from SQL Server

Creating Your First FileTable in SQL Server Denali CTP3

SQL Server 2012 FileTables in T-SQL part 1: functions and methods

SQL Server 2012 FileTables in T-SQL part 2: new rows

SQL Server 2012 FileTable – Part 1

SQL Server 2012 FileTable – Part 2

Video Microsoft SQL Server Beyond Relational Landscape: Current and Future